anais

Os desafios postos pela conservação da Arquitetura Moderna

p. 1-23

Capa dos anais

sessão temática 3. O Movimento Moderno e os novos desafios ecológicos e técnicos

8º Seminário Docomomo Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 2009

Baixar PDF DOI10.5281/zenodo.19073410

Resumo

Este texto discute os principais desafios que temos pela frente em relação à conservação da arquitetura moderna. Nos últimos quinze ou vinte anos, assistimos muitos casos de intervenções e restaurações de edifícios modernos, algumas bem sucedidas e outras que comprometeram irreversivelmente o valor dos bens. O envelhecimento dos edifícios modernos e as intervenções que estão sendo feitas colocam uma série de desafios que merecem uma reflexão mais cuidadosa. Estes desafios referem-se a: 1) a própria atenção que arquitetos modernos dispensaram à funcionalidade que, conjugada com a rápida obsolescência funcional, traz dificuldades para se encontrar e introduzir novos usos; 2) a dimensão material do edifício que inclui problemas como o uso de materiais novos sem tradição construtiva, o uso de materiais tradicionais de forma inovadora, a falta de entendimento do desempenho dos materiais a longo prazo, as falhas na construção, os problemas de detalhamento e o uso de materiais fabricados em série; 3) os sistemas infra-estruturais (aquecimento, ar condicionado, água, eletricidade, etc), que precisam ser substituídos para que o edifício continue em uso, o que geralmente acarreta problemas de adequação; 4) a ausência de uma cultura da manutenção, que afeta diretamente os edifícios modernos; 5) a dificuldade de aceitação da pátina nos edifícios modernos, visto que os materiais e superfícies reluzentes das publicações de época fizeram com que os sinais deste envelhecimento não fossem compreendidos como um valor; 6) as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos conjuntos habitacionais que não conseguiram acompanhar as transformações sociais como o envelhecimento, enriquecimento e empobrecimento de suas populações; e 7) os problemas existentes no reconhecimento e tombamento desta arquitetura. Apesar de estes desafios questionarem o arcabouço teórico da conservação, não acreditamos que a conservação da arquitetura moderna deva ser diferente da conservação de obras de um passado mais distante.

Palavras-chave

Abstract

This paper discusses the main challenges facing the conservation of modern architecture. In the last 15 or 20 years, many modern buildings were restored or renovated. Some of these restorations were very successful but others affected negatively and irreversibly the value of this heritage. The weathering of modern buildings and the nature of these conservations and renovations pose a series of challenges which requires a more careful reflection. These challenges refer to: 1) The careful attention modern architects paid to functional aspects in the definition of spatial arrangements, which, along the rapid functional obsolescence, makes the introduction of new uses more difficult; 2) the material dimension of the building which show problems created by the use of new materials without previous knowledge, the use of traditional materials in new ways, the lack of understanding of the material long-term performance, poor detailing and the use of prefabricated materials 3) the need to replace servicing systems in order to keep the builidng in use; 4) the lack of a maintenance culture, which directly affects modern buildings, once considered to be maintenance-free; 5) the lack of acceptance of patina in modern architecture, since shiny materials and surfaces of the early publications make that those signs of the natural ageing undesirable; 6) the difficulties faced by big housing blocks to adapt to social transformations, such as the ageing of their residents, and their enrichment or impoverishment; and 7) The problems in the recognition and listing of modern architecture. Although these issues challenges the theoretical background of the conservation, we do not believe that the conservation of modern architecture should be different from the conservation of architectural works from a more distant past.

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Como citar

MOREIRA, Fernando Diniz. Os desafios postos pela conservação da Arquitetura Moderna. In: SEMINÁRIO DOCOMOMO BRASIL, 8., 2009, Rio de Janeiro. Anais [...]. Rio de Janeiro: PROURB-UFRJ, 2009. p. 1-23. ISBN 978-85-88027-11-4. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19073410.

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Ficha catalográfica

8º Seminário Docomomo Brasil: anais: cidade moderna e contemporânea: síntese e paradoxo das artes [recurso eletrônico] / organização: Roberto Segre et al. Rio de Janeiro: Docomomo-RJ; Prourb-UFRJ, 2009. 1 DVD (4 ¾ pol.). Produção do Núcleo Docomomo Rio de Janeiro. ISBN 978-85-88027-11-4